2
  -2022
..  
 
( -1)
:      :100
:  A, B, C  D  - -   ,      
               
-
1. (i)     qd= 25 - 2p ..= - 2 + p , 75 
             
(ii)  :

(iii) 4x 4 - 4x3 - 7x2 - 4x + 4 = 0  
2.(i)  AP  n     ,  pth  (3p)/4 + 1 
(ii)      16 ,    8 ,     ?
(iii)  a, b, c, d GP  ,     a - bb - cc - d GP  
2
-
3. (i)   700  ,  200     1,900  , x
      y ,      x     
(ii) -       
(iii)    (2, 0), (4, -2)  (5, -3)    '    
 
4. (i)     -      
(ii)   ,         
(iii)  A  B    A  25  , B  20    AB  35  
AOB      
-
5. (i)     -      
(ii)         
6.     log x  ex   
-
7. (i)  wrtx  󰇣


󰇤
(ii)     (

󰇜
(iii) wrt x, ax + xx + ex  
2
8. (i)       p = 3       


(ii)    y = 20 + 20x + 0.5x 2     y     x 
, AC  MC 
  -2022
..  
 
( -1)
:      :100
:  A, B, C  D  - -   ,      
               
-
1. (i)     qd= 25 - 2p ..= - 2 + p , 75 
             
(ii)  :

(iii) 4x 4 - 4x3 - 7x2 - 4x + 4 = 0  
:󹴡󹴵󹴣󹴤 1 (i):        
         ...
󹴮󹴯󹴰󹴱󹴲󹴳   :   
2
                 
 
        '      
  ()        ()
󼩕󼩖󼩗󼩘󼩙󼩚 :
 :
qd=25−2p(    -   ,      )
 :
qs=−2+p (    -   ,     )
 (  = )  , 
qd=qsq_d = q_sqd=qs    
 
',                

󷃆󼽢 1:     
  qd=qsq_
25−2p=−2+p
 p ()   :
   2p2p2p :
25=−2+3p
   2 :
27=3p
  3  :
 = 9
 q ()   p = 9        
qd=25−2p   
q=25−2(9)=25−18=7
󹻀   :
 (p): ₹9
 (q): 7 
2
󷃆󼽢 2:   ₹75     
   
 ,      
      
  
    , 
        ,
,   p   (p - 75)   
 , 
   :
:
qs=−2+p
  :
qs=−2+(p−75)=−2+p−75=−77+p
 
     :
25−2p=−77+p
   2p :
25=−77+3p
   77 :
102=3p
3  :
 = 34 
      :
q=25−2(34)=25−68=−43
 !󽅂  
 
      ,    '   , 
   (p - 75)   -         
 :
     :
  :
qs=−2+(p−75)=−2+p−75=p−77
  :
25−2p=p−77
2p :
2
25=3p−77
77 :
102=3p = 34
  :
q=25−2(34)=25−68=−43
,  !        ,      - 
- 
               
  -        
󼨐󼨑󼨒 :
      =   
   ( )   '        
     
        
󹴡󹴵󹴣󹴤 1 (ii):  :
  --  ,    
󷃆󼽢 1:  

    ,       - 
 :
   : x≥5
󷃆󼽢 2:    
  :
2
,    :
    
        :
 x = 5   :
  x = 1   :
  
 x = 6   :
  
x = 0.5   :
  
x = 5.2 :
     x = 0.01   :
  
        :
  :
     :
 x :
2
     :
        :
:   
  ?    :
    :
x = 0.086 (      ) ,   :
    0.086 ,  
   (x ≥ 5)  
,    
   

󹴡󹴵󹴣󹴤 1 (iii):  :
           
󷃆󼽢 1:      
  (±1, ±2, ±4)   (±1, ±2, ±4)      
x = 1   :
4(1)4 4(1)3 7(1)2 4(1) + 4 = 4 4 -7 4 = 4 =-7 0  = 2 :4(16) 4(8) 7(4) 4(2)
+4 =    = - 1: \[4(-1)4 4(-1)3 - 7 (-1)2 -4(-1) + 4 = 4 + 4 = 7 + 4 + 4 = 9

= - 2 :\[4(16) = 4(=8) = 7(4) 4(-2) + 4 =



……

,




:



        
x = 1   :
2
4 4 7 4 + 4 = -7  = 2 : \[64 32 28 8 + 4 +Not0


, Weget :






:\[4x4 4x3 7x2 - 4x + 4 = (x2 x - 1) (4x2 + 4x - 4)
    :
󼨐󼨑󼨒 :
    ,   
󷃆󼽢 ()
  , 
 :
1.             - - 
  
2.             
 -         

3.            
   , ,  -      
              !
2.(i)  AP  n     ,  pth  (3p)/4 + 1 
(ii)      16 ,    8 ,     ?
(iii)  a, b, c, d GP  ,     a - bb - cc - d GP  
: 󹴡󹴵󹴣󹴤 -:   
   -           
                 ,  
          :
2
1.   (AP)-           
  
2.   (GP)-          
   
     -      ,   
,  ,             ' 
    AP  GP       
󼩕󼩖󼩗󼩘󼩙󼩚  (i):  AP  n   , p-th    
 :
      AP  p-th       :
   AP   n        
󹸯󹸭󹸮  1:      
 AP  p-th  :
     
  = 1, = 2,,   ,  , 
     
   :
   :
  :
,     d.
2
  AP :
 AP :
󽄡󽄢󽄣󽄤󽄥󽄦  2: AP   
 AP   n         :
:
a =   =
d =   =
    :
 :
   :
󹴡󹴴󹴣󹴤  (ii):     
 :
2
     16     8 ,    ?
󹸯󹸭󹸮  1:   
   ,   a  b    (GM) :
   :
 = 16
  (  a) = 8
   (  b)
󽄡󽄢󽄣󽄤󽄥󽄦  2:  
󷃆󼽢 :  32 
    8  32 ,      16 
  :
󹴡󹴶󹴣󹴤  (iii):  a, b, c, d GP  ,     

 :
 :
a,b,c,d    
      :
a−b, b−c, c−d
    
2
󹸯󹸭󹸮  1: GP a  r    
     a     r   GP  :

2
3
  :
     :
  GP  
     r     
  :
󷃆󼽢  ,   GP  
󷇴󷇵󷇶󷇷󷇸󷇹    


 
 
(i)
p-th   AP

a  d    Tp=a+(p−1)d   , 
    

󰇛
 
󰇜
(ii)


ab=   


32
(iii)
 
 GP 
  a−b, b−c, c−d  
󷃆󼽢  
󷕘󷕙󷕚    :  
 
2
        :
1.  :         
2.   :
,  (   ),  
 (   )  AP  GP    
3.  :         
 
   :
AP       ₹100          '
 
         -  
    (iii)         
󽄻󽄼󽄽  
    
;         
  
       ,     
 
      ,      ,  
     -    
     , 
    
   - 
        !
-
3. (i)   700  ,  200     1,900  , x
      y ,      x     
(ii) -       
(iii)    (2, 0), (4, -2)  (5, -3)    '    
 
:-  
  
   
            
            , 
  
  :
1.   
2
2.   
3.           
     -      ,   
- 
 (i):    y = f(x) 
 :
  = ₹700
200     = ₹1900
       x     '  
  x       y   
󹰤󹰥󹰦󹰧󹰨      ?
  
         
1  
  
100,             ,  
,        
               
  -   ,  , ,      
      ₹5   
 ,  100    ₹500
  
 ,     -       ,  
      
󷃆󼽢  1:   
       :
y = mx + c
:
y x       
m     () 
c   () 
2
󷃆󼽢  2:      
   :
  c = 700
x = 200  ',   y = 1900
    :
1900 =  * 200 + 700
   700 :
1200 = 200 
 m   :
 = 1200 / 200 = 6
 ,     ₹6 
󷃆󼽢  3:   
 m = 6  c = 700     :
󷃆󼽢 y = 6x + 700
       ,  
x    ,  
  ₹(6x + 700) 
󹳴󹳵󹳶󹳷   
  
500      x = 500   :
y = 6(500) + 700 = 3000 + 700 = ₹3700
 , 500    ,   ₹3700 
 (ii):   
     5 -   : , , , , 


  :
      (   )
2
     3  (  
)
         
󷃆󽄿   ?
                

:  
3       ' 5 ,    
,   - 
󷃆󹹳󹹴󹹵󹹶  
   n  ,  
  r    ,  
 :
(, ) = ! / ( - )!
 n! (n )    n × (n1) × (n2)... × 1
:
5  3       ?
P(5, 3) = 5! / (5 - 3)! = 5 × 4 × 3 = 60 
󷃆󽄿   ?
      ,    

:

5    3         
 --
 --   
󷃆󹹳󹹴󹹵󹹶  
C(n, r) = n! / [r!(n - r)!]
:
5  3      ?
C(5, 3) = 5! / [3! × (5 - 3)!] = 5 × 4 × 3 / (3 × 2 × 1) = 10 
2
󼨐󼨑󼨒 - 
-    
 '      (  
  )      
       (

       
)
 (iii):      '  ?

  '           3      
 :
(2, 0)
(4, 2)
(5, 3)
         '  ,    ,    
 
󷃆󼽢  1: A  B   
  (x₁, y₁)  (x₂, y₂)   :
m = (y₂ – y₁) / (x₂ – x₁)
AB  :
m = (2 0) / (4 2) = 2 / 2 = 1
󷃆󼽢  2: B  C   
m = (3 (2)) / (5 4) = (1) / 1 = 1

 AB   = BC   = 1,     '  
󷃆󼽢  3:    

 :
 m = 1
 '  : A(2, 0)
-    :
2
y y₁ = m(x – x₁)
 :
y 0 = 1(x 2)=> y = x + 2
󷃆󼽢  :
,     '      : y = x + 2
󼩎󼩏󼩐󼩑󼩒󼩓󼩔 - 
   
   '          
 
    , 
           
󼪺󼪻 :    '
1.  
  = ₹700
200    = ₹1900
: y = 6x + 700
2.   


   ?
-
P(n, r) = n! / (n r)!


C(n, r) = n! / [r!(n r)!]

3. 3  

: (2,0), (4,2), (5,3)
   
: y = x + 2
󽄡󽄢󽄣󽄤󽄥󽄦    
2
   
 -          ,
           
   
,      ,        ,    ,
           
    " "        ,  
    
 - 
    
4. (i)     -      
(ii)   ,         
(iii)  A  B    A  25  , B  20    AB  35  
AOB      
: -: -   
 
   
     -     , " 
       "         
 , " 
       "        
 , "     ?"
                
  
       ,      
       
      
      --       , ,
    ,         
  
(i)       
  ?
 ,   -         ,   
     
                
       
        

         
2
:
     : {a, e, i, o, u}
10      : {2, 4, 6, 8}
 
   : {, , , , , , }

  '   (A, B, C, )     
 ,   
   
  :
        -    
1.   ( ):
       
,        
: φ  {}
:   A =     200      ', A = {}

     

2.  :
         
:
B =      = {, , ..., }
3.  :
        (   )
:
C =      = {1, 2, 3, 4, ...}
4.  :
             ,     
2
:
A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {3, 2, 1}, A = B
5.  :
         ,      
:
X = {a, b, c}, Y = {1, 2, 3}   3   
6. :
 A, B       A     B    
: A B
:
 A = {1, 2}, B = {1, 2, 3},  A B
7.  :
            
 , A  B    A, B
     A ≠ B
8.  :
                

:
 
1  10        ,  U = {1, 2, 3, ..., 10}
9.  :
       -        
:
 A = {1, 2},  P(A) = { {}, {1}, {2}, {1, 2} }
10.  :
2
          

:
A = {1, 2}, B = {3, 4} A ∩ B = φ
(ii)  : , ,  
        ,  
        , 
    
1.    (A B):
 A  B               A   B   
 
:
A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {3, 4, 5}A B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
:
:  = 
:(A B) C = A (B C)
:A A = A
: A φ = A
2.    (A ∩ B):
A  B              A  B    
:
A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {3, 4, 5}A ∩ B = {3}
:
:  = 
:(A ∩ B) ∩ C = A ∩ (B ∩ C)
:A ∩ A = A
: φ = φ
2
3.   (A)  :
  A      U        A  

:
 U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5},  A = {1, 2, 3},  A = {4, 5}
:
A A = U
A ∩ Aᶜ = φ
(A) = A
(iii)        
 :
 A     = n(A) = 25
 B     = n(B) = 20
A ∩ B     = n(A ∩ B) = 35
 n(A B) = A  B      
:

          :
n(AB)=n(A)+n(B)−n(A∩B)n(A B) = n(A) + n(B) - n(A ∩ B)n(AB)=n(A)+n(B)−n(A∩B)
 :
n(AB)=25+20−35=10n(A B) = 25 + 20 - 35 = 10n(AB)=25+20−35=10
:
A B (,  A  B  )  10  
   ?
 A  25    B  20,  35          A  B
     ,     
  ,     
   
     25       , 20   ,  35
    -      
     
2
       , 
      
  ()   
 
 ?
    

 ,       :
  


 
   
      ,     
          
:  
  ,        
    , ,  , ,     

       
      
           

 n(A B) = n(A) + n(B) - n(A ∩ B)   ,    
 -       
         ,   
         ,     
; 
              

2
-
5. (i)     -      
(ii)         
:  I:     
  ?
     
   
    
     ,   
           ,    
          
,        :

         
           ,    ,   
  
  :

 ()    
 
        
        
  ',        :
  X    Y    f       X    x 
Y        y 
    :
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾  f(x) = y
,
X  ( )   
Y  (  ) 
f(x) x ( ) '    
2
  - 
           :

1 
     

2    

3    
  
    
 ,        
2  
    
        
  
     
-   
  
       ,  -      
1. --  ( )
    ,             
  

󹻂 :
f(x) = x + 2 x = 1 → f(1) = 3x = 2 → f(2) = 4x = 3 → f(3) = 5   
󹳴󹳵󹳶󹳷   ,       
2.  ' ( )
 onto  ,   Y      X    
   
        
 
󹻂 :
 f(x) = x²    {−2, −1, 0, 1, 2}   codomain {0, 1, 4}  codomain   
  ""   -  onto  
3. --  ' ( )
     --  -  
2
󹻂 :
f(x) = x + 1: {1, 2, 3}: {2, 3, 4},        ,
       
󹳴󹳵󹳶󹳷            ,    
 
4.  
          
󹻂 :
f(x) = 5
f(1) = 5, f(2) = 5, f(100) = 5  x   , f(x) = 5
󹳴󹳵󹳶󹳷          ,  
   !
5.  
        
󹻂 :
f(x) = x
f(2) = 2, f(5) = 5      
     
6.  
 x     ,  :f(x) = x² + 2x + 3
     
7.  
       ,       
󹻂 :
f(x) = (x² + 1) / (x + 2)
        (     
)
2
8.  
        
󹻂 :
f(x) = 2^x- x  ,      
9.  
      
󹻂 :
f(x) = (x)
 -      x     
10.  
    - '    
󹻂 :
f(x) = (x), f(x) = cos(x)
   ' 
 
 II:    
,       
  ?
  
      ,
         
   
,      
    !
             ,        

:
 , f(x) = (x² - 1)/(x - 1)
2
x = 1      :
→ (1² - 1)/(1 - 1) = 0/0 = 󽅂  
!
 1    :
f(0.9) = (0.81 - 1)/(-0.1) = -1.9
f(0.99) = (0.9801 - 1)/(-0.01) = -1.99
f(1.01) = (1.0201 - 1)/(0.01) = 2.01

       2    
 ,
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾 f(x)      2 ,      :

 f(1)  
,   
-  - 
- :      (x  )
   :      (x  )
   ,     
  ?
     
 
   
               
  -    ,    

    '    :
1. f(x)   '    
2.      
3.      '     
  ':


󰇛
󰇜
󰇛󰇜
2
  
    
,        
1.  
      ' " " 
󹳴󹳵󹳶󹳷 :   x < 0  1  x ≥ 0  2 
2.  
        
󹳴󹳵󹳶󹳷 : f(x) = 1/x x = 0       ,   x = 0   
3.  
           
 "   "
󹳴󹳵󹳶󹳷 :
f(x) = (x² - 1)/(x - 1), x = 1 '  f(x) = x + 1  
 ,  x = 1 '  
       
   
 ?
       
  (  )      
 -   (  ,  )   

    ,       
    

        :
 , 
       -   ,    
   
2
         (),   (),  
(, ),    (, ) 
             
 ,  
    ?       
  -       
     ,        

   
             ? 
    
 
,           - , , 
 
     
   '  ,     
   -  , 
       
6.     log x  ex   
: 󷇴󷇵󷇶󷇷󷇸󷇹 -:   
   
   '      '       
    -             
       ,         '  
     
 
    ""   ?
                
       ,    ,      
      
  , 
         :
1. f(x)=logx
2. f(x)=ex
 ,           
2
󷉃󷉄      ?
       '       

󼨐󼨑󼨒 :
     xxx '         
  
 '
      : xxx  x+h,         
 ,  h   '    -    x '     ()
 
,       '  
󽄬󽄭󽄮󽄯󽄰  1:      x

f(x)=logx       :
 1:    

  :
 ,
       
 2: 

 h=xt,  h→0   ,  t→0 
:
 3: -    
    -   :
2
 ,
󷃆󼽢  :
󼨐󼨑󼨒   
?
  ,          
 
   (),   ,      ,
  
          ' logx    
 ,            
󹸯󹸭󹸮        :
   
              
     -   ,           

  logx     :  x        ,  xxx  
  (  )   
 ,      :  x ,   ( ) ,   x
,    ( )
󽄬󽄭󽄮󽄯󽄰  2:    ex  
 
   f(x) = ex   
          
? 
     
    ! :
       
2
 1:     
      :
 ,
 2: -    
 :
󷃆󼽢  :
󼨐󼨑󼨒   
?
 ex           :
 
 
 
  
   ,      '      
 ,            ,   
               
2
󹳣󹳤󹳥  
  '   
 x>0x > 0x>0  
xxx       
 1x\frac{1}{x}x1     - xxx    
  x  
 x     
  x         
󷃆󹸊󹸋    

  
 
 x


󰇛
󰇜




󼨻󼨼  
         ,       
      
     
   

 :
     

    -   '    
         
 ?
   
      ,  
     
  
 (  logx   )
)         
2
󹲹󹲺󹲻󹲼󹵉󹵊󹵋󹵌󹵍    
1.      ln x2     (:     
)
2.           a

󰇛

󰇜
3. x=1, x=10x,  x=100 ' ex  logx      
󼨐󼨑󼨒  :
     
 -          
  
          ,   

 
-
7. (i)  wrtx  󰇣


󰇤
(ii)     (

󰇜
(iii) wrt x, ax + xx + ex  
:  :    
               
              , 
  
 (log)    (eˣ)       
       -- ,    ,  
 

󷇴󷇵󷇶󷇷󷇸󷇹        
1.   ?
        :
=b
2
,
=x
     b     a (    )  
     
  :
log₁₀(x)   log(x)   ( 10) 
ln(x)   ,      e,  e ≈ 2.718 
2.    :
       :
log(a × b) = log a + log b
log(a / b) = log a log b
log(a) = b log a
3.        :
       :


 x
1 / 
ln x
1 / 
ˣ
ˣ

ˣln 
[f(x)]
f'(x)/f(x)
,     --  
󷃆󼽢  7 (i):  
[(cx + d)/(ax + b)] wrt x
    
2
:
     :
    :
     :
log(f(x))   f'(x)/f(x) 
 :
\frac{d}{dx}[\log(cx + d)] = \frac{c}{cx + d}]
\frac{d}{dx}[\log(ax + b)] = \frac{a}{ax + b}]
 :
󷃆󼽢  :
󷃆󼽢  7 (ii):  
( ^√(2x))
        
,     
:
2

     
 :
 1: e^{√(2x)} 
  :
 :
 2:   :

  :
   :
    :
󷃆󼽢  :
󷃆󼽢  7 (iii):  
 + xx + e^x wrt x
   :
2

    '  
 1:   
  :
 2: xx  
   
     x 

     
:
    :
   :
 :
  y1=xx   :
2
 3:   
  :
  :
󷃆󼽢  :
󼨐󼨑󼨒  :   
  ?
  
      ,         
 
         '     
󷃆󹸃󹸄     
                 ,  
    
   
  :

 log   ,  f(x)   
󹳴󹳵󹳶󹳷   -   ?

      :
1.       (  xx)
2
2.      (//)
󹴷󹴺󹴸󹴹󹴻󹴼󹴽󹴾󹴿󹵀󹵁󹵂    - 

   -     ?
1.  :     ,  ,  
/     
2.  : , ,      
 
3.  :         
  
4. :        (
)    
󽄡󽄢󽄣󽄤󽄥󽄦    
   :
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
󷉃󷉄    
     ,          
   
            , 
    
2
               ,
 -   x^x  log(log(...))      

8. (i)       p = 3       


(ii)    y = 20 + 20x + 0.5x 2     y     x 
, AC  MC 
:   :       
        '     ,
            :
1.    
2.   (AC)    (MC)
   -    ,  
󷆰  1:    
   
      
   

    
   
 ,      

 
 ,     
           

󹴡󹴵󹴣󹴤     ?
    :
"      ,       ;     , 
      -     "
               
               
  :
󹳨󹳤󹳩󹳪󹳫     (PED)
     
2
    10%       2%   ,  
   
  (   
)
   20%   ,  
     ( ) 
 ,          :
:
dq   (        )
p  
q    
󼨐󼨑󼨒  (i):   q=20p+1q = \frac{20}{p + 1}q=p+120  ,  p=3p = 3p=3
       
    :
󷃆󼽢  1:  p = 3   q 
 :
  p=3p = 3p=3:
󷃆󼽢  2: 



   :
   :
2
p=3p = 3p=3 ',    :
󷃆󼽢  3:    
󹸯󹸭󹸮   :
 :

   1   ,  p=3p = 3p=3 '     :
  1%       1%     
 
         

󹵲󹵳󹵴󹵵󹵶󹵷    :
    '         ,  
   
,     ,      
              
󼿝󼿞󼿟  2:  ,  ,   
    
  
    
     
   :
  -   ,      

  -           
      ,         
          
󼪺󼪻   (TC)
2
      :
:
y   
x    
  :
20:   (   
)
20x:   
0.5x2:    (, ,  )
󹴡󹴵󹴣󹴤   (AC)  ?
  (AC) :
 ,
  :
           - x  ,  
  ,    
 
     '  

󼿝󼿞󼿟   (MC)  ?
  (MC)         
  ',  :
2
  
    :
 ,
    -
   ,     
? 
   -  ,         
󼨐󼨑󼨒       :
  
4  
  (x=4x = 4x=4)
 1:  
 2:  
     :
 3:  
󷙎󷙐󷙏      ?
 
     ,         
   :
    ?
    ?
2
       ?
 ,         ,  
   ' 
 
󹴷󹴺󹴸󹴹󹴻󹴼󹴽󹴾󹴿󹵀󹵁󹵂  
󹰤󹰥󹰦󹰧󹰨    
           
1    (  )     
:
󹰤󹰥󹰦󹰧󹰨     
AC        
MC 
           
 ,  ,      
󼨐󼨑󼨒      
      
         
,     ,         

-     ,         ,   
    - ,        
     
"  "  " "    , 
             
   
    
"               

       ,         "